226 research outputs found
Multicultural education: some reflections on the spanish case
In this paper we succinctly describe sorne aspects related to multicultural education in Spain. First we must recognise that there exists a somewhat extensive and significant work on Gypsies (the most important ethnic group in Spain) that we do not include in this paper, because it would require a separate article. It is much more interesting, we hope, to present the state of art of discourses and practices related to multicultural education in our country. In fact, we argue Spanish authorities have never considered the education of Gypsy children as a matter of multicultural education. The very phrases 'multicultural education' and 'intercultural education' have only recently been introduced in Spain. In the first section of this paper we describe the reasons put forth by sorne authors
to support intercultural education. Their rationale for more multicultural education is compared to our own reasons. Sections number two to five briefly review sorne congresses on multicultural education held in our country (II), current research (III), legislation (IV), and programs in action (V). The common feature of these sections is the emphasis on showing how scarce and recent the whole topic of multiculturalism is in Spain. However, many Spanish investigators and educators are beginning to work in thís fíeld, and government ínvolvement is rapidly growing
The abundances and distributions of molluscs in the southern Iberian Peninsula: A comparison of marine and terrestrial systems
Molluscs are the second most diverse of all animal phyla, and occur in many habitat types.
They are, therefore, a particularly good phylum with which to compare and contrast differences
between ecosystems. Mollusc data from a number of sites along the southern coast of the Iberian
Peninsula are analysed to study patterns of diversity and distribution using a range of multivariate
techniques. Within each site, data are presented from three locations -fully terrestrial, rocky
intertidal and soft bottom benthic (10 m and 20 m depths)- all in close proximity. The species are
then classified in relation to morphology and size, and analysed at supraspecific levels to elucidate
underlying patterns. The observed patterns are briefly discussed, with particular reference
to the differential scope and importance of controlling factors in each ecosystem, such as dispersal
processes. The results from the systems are compared and discussed in the context of ecological
and evolutionary constraints in MolluscaLos moluscos constituyen el segundo filo animal más diverso y se encuentran en muchos tipos de hábitat,
por lo que son idóneos para establecer comparaciones entre distintos ecosistemas.
Se han analizado los datos de los moluscos obtenidos en una serie de emplazamientos que cubrían el sur
de la península Ibérica para determinar, empleando distintas técnicas multivariantes, los patrones de diversidad
y distribución de estos organismos. Los datos se tomaron de ejemplares capturados en lugares del medio
terrestre próximos a la línea de costa, de la franja intermareal rocosa y de sedimentos de fondos marinos situados
a 10 y 20 m de profundidad. Las especies fueron clasificadas atendiendo a la morfología y el tamaño,
y se analizaron a nivel supraespecífico para elucidar los patrones generales, que se discuten aquí, brevemente,
con especial énfasis en las diferencias según la importancia de los factores que controlan cada
ecosistema, como, por ejemplo, los procesos de dispersión. Los resultados de los distintos sistemas se comparan
y discuten en el contexto de las tendencias ecológicas y evolutivas de los molusco
MicroRNA Profiling and Bioinformatics Target Analysis in Dorsal Hippocampus of Chronically Stressed Rats: Relevance to Depression Pathophysiology
Indexación: Scopus.1Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurogenetics, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 2National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, NC, United States, 3Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile, 4Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 5Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile, 6Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.This study was supported by the following grants: FONDECYT 1120528 (JLF), Fondo Central de Investigación, Universidad de Chile ENL025/16 (JLF), ES090079 (JAC). Research in RG and EV laboratories is funded by Instituto Milenio iBio – Iniciativa Científica Milenio MINECON.Studies conducted in rodents subjected to chronic stress and some observations in humans after psychosocial stress, have allowed to establish a link between stress and the susceptibility to many complex diseases, including mood disorders. The studies in rodents have revealed that chronic exposure to stress negatively affects synaptic plasticity by triggering changes in the production of trophic factors, subunit levels of glutamate ionotropic receptors, neuron morphology, and neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus. These modifications may account for the impairment in learning and memory processes observed in chronically stressed animals. It is plausible then, that stress modifies the interplay between signal transduction cascades and gene expression regulation in the hippocampus, therefore leading to altered neuroplasticity and functioning of neural circuits. Considering that miRNAs play an important role in post-transcriptional-regulation of gene expression and participate in several hippocampus-dependent functions; we evaluated the consequences of chronic stress on the expression of miRNAs in dorsal (anterior) portion of the hippocampus, which participates in memory formation in rodents. Here, we show that male rats exposed to daily restraint stress (2.5 h/day) during 7 and 14 days display a differential profile of miRNA levels in dorsal hippocampus and remarkably, we found that some of these miRNAs belong to the miR-379-410 cluster. We confirmed a rise in miR-92a and miR-485 levels after 14 days of stress by qPCR, an effect that was not mimicked by chronic administration of corticosterone (14 days). Our in silico study identified the top-10 biological functions influenced by miR-92a, nine of which were shared with miR-485: Nervous system development and function, Tissue development, Behavior, Embryonic development, Organ development, Organismal development, Organismal survival, Tissue morphology, and Organ morphology. Furthermore, our in silico study provided a landscape of potential miRNA-92a and miR-485 targets, along with relevant canonical pathways related to axonal guidance signaling and cAMP signaling, which may influence the functioning of several neuroplastic substrates in dorsal hippocampus. Additionally, the combined effect of miR-92a and miR-485 on transcription factors, along with histone-modifying enzymes, may have a functional relevance by producing changes in gene regulatory networks that modify the neuroplastic capacity of the adult dorsal hippocampus under stress. © 2018 Muñoz-Llanos, García-Pérez, Xu, Tejos-Bravo, Vidal, Moyano, Gutiérrez, Aguayo, Pacheco, García-Rojo, Aliaga, Rojas, Cidlowski and Fiedler.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2018.00251/ful
The abundances and distributions of molluscs in the southern Iberian Peninsula: A comparison of marine and terrestrial systems
Molluscs are the second most diverse of all animal phyla, and occur in many habitat types. They are, therefore, a particularly good phylum with which to compare and contrast differences between ecosystems. Mollusc data from a number of sites along the southern coast of the Iberian Peninsula are analysed to study patterns of diversity and distribution using a range of multivariate techniques. Within each site, data are presented from three locations -fully terrestrial, rocky intertidal and soft bottom benthic (10 m and 20 m depths)- all in close proximity. The species are then classified in relation to morphology and size, and analysed at supraspecific levels to elucidate underlying patterns. The observed patterns are briefly discussed, with particular reference to the differential scope and importance of controlling factors in each ecosystem, such as dispersal processes. The results from the systems are compared and discussed in the context of ecological and evolutionary constraints in Mollusca.Los moluscos constituyen el segundo filo animal más diverso y se encuentran en muchos tipos de hábitat, por lo que son idóneos para establecer comparaciones entre distintos ecosistemas. Se han analizado los datos de los moluscos obtenidos en una serie de emplazamientos que cubrían el sur de la península Ibérica para determinar, empleando distintas técnicas multivariantes, los patrones de diversidad y distribución de estos organismos. Los datos se tomaron de ejemplares capturados en lugares del medio terrestre próximos a la línea de costa, de la franja intermareal rocosa y de sedimentos de fondos marinos situados a 10 y 20 m de profundidad. Las especies fueron clasificadas atendiendo a la morfología y el tamaño, y se analizaron a nivel supraespecífico para elucidar los patrones generales, que se discuten aquí, brevemente, con especial énfasis en las diferencias según la importancia de los factores que controlan cada ecosistema, como, por ejemplo, los procesos de dispersión. Los resultados de los distintos sistemas se comparan y discuten en el contexto de las tendencias ecológicas y evolutivas de los moluscos.Instituto Español de Oceanografí
Monitoring of marine benthic communities and taxonomic resolution: an approach through diverse habitats and substrates along the Southern Iberian coastline
Studies conducted along the southern Iberian
coastline validate macrobenthic community analyses at
taxonomic levels higher than that of species. Twelve
studies on littoral benthic communities, carried out by
the same research team, were selected spanning both a
variety of sampling strategies (spatial, temporal, spatiotemporal) and substrate/habitat types (sediment, rock,
algae). In order to establish differences between the results obtained at the taxonomic levels of species, family
and order, similarities among stations were calculated
using Spearman’s coefficient for ranges. A subset of
three studies was selected to investigate possible differences in ‘best-explaining’ environmental variables with
taxonomic level. The environmental variables selected at
species level were the same as those found at levels of
family and order. It is concluded that studies at the
different levels of taxonomic resolution (species, family,
order) lead to similar results both with regard to relative
community distributions and the environmental variables associated with these. The importance of this result
for monitoring similar benthic communities is discussed
Educación multicultural y antropología de la educación
En este trabajo pretendemos presentar, desarrollar y defender un tratamiento de la Educación Multicultural desde la Antropología de la Educación
Community structure of caprellids (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Caprellidae) on seagrasses from southern Spain
The community structure of caprellids inhabiting
two species of seagrass (Cymodocea nodosa and Zostera
marina) was investigated on the Andalusian coast, southern
Spain, using uni and multivariate analyses. Three meadows
were selected (Almería, AL; Málaga, MA; Cádiz, CA), and
changes in seagrass cover and biomass were measured from
2004 to 2005. Four caprellid species were found; the density of Caprella acanthifera, Phtisica marina and Pseudoprotella phasma was correlated to seagrass biomass. No
such correlation was found for Pariambus typicus, probably
because this species inhabits sediments and does not cling
to the seagrass leaves. We recorded a signiWcant decrease in
seagrass cover and biomass in MA due to illegal bottom
trawling Wsheries. Phtisica marina and P. typicus were
favoured by this perturbation and increased their densities
after the trawling activities. A survey of reports on caprellids in seagrass meadows around the world showed no clear
latitudinal patterns in caprellid densities (ranging from 6 to
1,000 ind/m2
per meadow) and species diversity. While
caprellid abundances in seagrass meadows are often very
high, the number of species per meadow is low (range 1–5).Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia de España y fondos FEDER de la Unión Europea. CGL2007-60044/BOSConsejería de Medio Ambiente y Consejería de Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa, Junta de Andalucía. P07-RNM-0252
Metabolic rates in Atlantic bluefin tuna larvae: first data and methodological challenges
Atlantic bluefin tuna is an emblematic scombrid species, but many physiological aspects during the larval stages are still unknown. The mechanisms of how fish larvae balance growth and activity are of great interest since metabolic costs are very high compared to juveniles and adults. However, there is a lack of information about metabolic costs in scombrid larvae. This lack of data is probably related to the challenges associated to larval handling before and during respirometry trials. In this study for the first time, we: i) estimate the relationship between routine metabolic rate and the larval dry weight (mass scaling exponent) at 26°C, ii) measure metabolism under light and darkness and iii) explore the influence of nutritional status (RNA:DNA ratio) on the inter-individual variability in metabolic rates. The relationship between metabolism and size (ranging from 0.6 to 23 mg) was near isometric (slope, b=0.99), in contrast to the allometric relationship observed in most species (b=0.87). Our results show no significant differences in oxygen consumption under light and darkness. A possible regulation (decrease) of their swimming activity with the consequent decrease in the oxygen consumption in light situations is discussed. Nutritional condition did not explain the inter-individual differences in oxygen consumption. This study first reports metabolic rates of Atlantic bluefin tuna larvae and discusses the challenges of performing bioenergetics studies with early life stages of Scombrids
Using the FVB strain of mice for the evaluation of clinical and experimental ketamine (IP) associated with phenothiazines, benzodiazepines and α2-agonists
El objetivo de este trabajo ha consistido en evaluar el estado fisiológico de
los animales mediante el control de las frecuencias respiratoria y cardiaca
así como la tasa de saturación de oxígeno durante la anestesia con
ketamina asociada a otros fármacos. Para ello hemos utilizado 40 ratones
FVB consanguíneos (20 machos y 20 hembras) de 11 semanas de edad, a
los que se les administró por vía intraperitoneal ketamina asociada a un
depresor del sistema nervioso central: acepromazina, diazepam,
medetomidina, midazolam o xilazina. Obtuvimos resultados que difirieron
mucho entre sexos, concluyendo que en machos los mejores resultados
obtenidos fueron con la asociación a los α2-agonistas, mientras que en las
hembras, al menos a las dosis empleadas, no pudimos afirmar que ninguna
de las asociaciones fuese óptima.The aim of this work has been to evaluate the physiological status of
animals by controlling the respiratory rate and heart rate and oxygen
saturation during anesthesia with ketamine in combination with other
drugs. We have used 40 consanguine FVB mice (20 males and 20
females) from 11 weeks of age, who were administered intraperitoneally
with a ketamine-associated central nervous system depressant:acepromazina, diazepam, medetomidine, midazolam or xylazine. We obtained results that differed greatly between the sexes, in males,
concluding that the best results were obtained with the association of α2-
agonists, while in females, at least at the doses employed, did not say
that none of the associations were optima
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